{"id":1314,"date":"2021-02-13T21:43:54","date_gmt":"2021-02-13T21:43:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.musicianscience.org\/?p=1314"},"modified":"2021-02-13T21:47:22","modified_gmt":"2021-02-13T21:47:22","slug":"no-musical-shivers-without-the-left-insula","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.musicianscience.org\/index.php\/no-musical-shivers-without-the-left-insula\/","title":{"rendered":"No musical ‘shivers’ without the left insula"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Title of paper under discussion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018\u2018When the feeling\u2019s gone\u2019\u2019: a selective loss of musical emotion<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T D Griffiths, J D Warren, J L Dean, D Howard<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Journal<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75:341\u2013345<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Link to paper<\/a> (free access<\/strong> – scroll down to last two pages)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Above: Sergei Rachmaninov<\/em><\/strong> (1873-1943)<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Are different brain areas responsible for handling music perception and music emotion? This case study, of a 52-year-old stroke victim, suggests the answer is yes. Before his stroke this patient consistently experienced \u2018shivers down the spine\u2019 listening to Rachmaninov preludes. After his stroke, he could still perceive music – its scales, contour, rhythm etc – but he was no longer blessed with an emotional reaction. Brain scans corroborated this state of affairs: permanent damage was revealed in a part of the brain known to process musical emotions – the left insula.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The patient <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Before his stroke, our radio announcer would do night shifts at the studio, then come home and relax by listening to Rachmaninov. He described the Rachmaninov as music that induced an emotional \u201ctransformation\u201d, described by the researchers as an \u201cintense, altered emotional state\u201d, a state he didn\u2019t experience when listening to any other pieces of music or indeed in reaction to any other sensation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In February 2000, he suffered a stroke, leading to a total loss of speech comprehension and output, and to paralysis on his right side. Within 12 months he had recovered amazingly, regaining total control of body movements and exhibiting only very subtle speech problems. But Rachmaninov no longer gave him shivers down the spine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Above: a gif, by Daniel Sabinasz, showing the 3D location of the insula in a rotating human brain<\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Clinical assessment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At an assessment in April 2001, the patient underwent \u2018listening tests\u2019, not just to determine his hearing ability but also his perception of prosody (intonation and stress in speech) and music. The music tests involved listening to a series of pairs of melodies (Melody \u2018A\u2019 and Melody \u2018B\u2019), and identifying after each pair whether they were the same or different. So, for example, in a given test Melody \u2018A\u2019 may be identical to Melody \u2018B\u2019. In another, Melody \u2018B\u2019 may differ in metre, and in another it may differ in melodic structure, or in rhythm. On evaluating the accuracy of his answers, the researchers were able to declare that his music perception was \u2018normal\u2019. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Structural MRI scans, however, were to reveal damage to the left hemisphere of the patient\u2019s brain, especially to an area called the \u2018insula\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The insula in a healthy brain<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gray\u2019s anatomy describes an expert brain dissection revealing the left insula<\/em> – an area of cerebral cortex hidden deep in the temporal lobe – by cutting away the \u2018lid\u2019 (or \u2018operculum\u2019) of neighbouring cortex that overlays it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Previous studies have shown the left insula, amongst other roles, is activated during an emotional response to music.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The insula in our patient\u2019s brain <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is a brain scan of our patient, on which the researchers have labelled the left insula with a grey cross.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The patch of brain tissue underlying the grey cross – including the left insula – is dark because it suffered permanent stroke damage. Note that the corresponding area on the opposing right hemisphere (the left-hand side of the scan as presented on the page) is light-coloured, meaning it\u2019s healthy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So it is revealed that our patient\u2019s brain is damaged in exactly the area – the left insula – associated with emotional responses to music.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Discussion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This study, claims lead author Tim Griffiths, was the first to document a case of this sort, namely a patient who retained music perception but had lost \u2018musical emotional processing\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Importantly, one previous study<\/a> had documented the opposite phenomenon, a patient whose \u2018musical emotional processing\u2019 was left intact after brain damage, but whose music perception was disrupted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taken together these two studies evidence a \u2018double dissociation\u2018 between music perception and \u2018musical emotional processing\u2019. In other words, one patient exhibited music perception without \u2018musical emotional processing\u2019 and another presented with <\/em>‘musical emotional processing’ but with abnormally poor music perception. Such a double dissociation strongly suggests that music perception and \u2018musical emotional processing\u2019 take place in different areas of the brain. In the words of the authors, this supports the view that \u201cfunctionally and anatomically separable neural networks mediate music perception and emotion\u201d, adding that \u201cThe present study enables us to conclude that the left insula is involved in normal musical emotional processing of music.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Above: Tim Griffiths, lead author<\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Coda<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prelude in G Minor<\/a>, Op. 23 No. 5 – Rachmaninov<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yuja Wang – piano<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Title of paper under discussion \u2018\u2018When the feeling\u2019s gone\u2019\u2019: a selective loss of musical emotion Authors T D Griffiths, J D Warren, J L Dean, D Howard Journal J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75:341\u2013345 Link to paper (free access – scroll down to last two pages) Overview Are different brain areas responsible for handling music perception …<\/p>\n

No musical ‘shivers’ without the left insula<\/span> Read More \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,19,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1314","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-disorder","category-emotion","category-musician"],"yoast_head":"\nNo musical 'shivers' without the left insula - ADRIAN BRADBURY cellist<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discussion of a paper on Emotion, Disorder and Musician, hosted by cellist Adrian Bradbury\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.musicianscience.org\/index.php\/no-musical-shivers-without-the-left-insula\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"No musical 'shivers' without the left insula - 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